The etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of renal damage

The abnormal metabolism of kidney fluid in Western medicine ultimately leads to kidney damage, which can be caused by two types of causes: primary kidney disease and secondary kidney disease. Primary damage caused by various infections, poisoning, tumors, deformities, hypertension, diabetes and immune disorders, urinary tract stone obstruction, and drug damage to the kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, and other parts is the most common cause of kidney damage. Clinical pathology shows glomerular membranous hyperplasia or fibrosis, manifested as crises such as polyuria, oliguria, nocturia, incomplete urination, frequent urination, urgency, painful urination, anuria, edema, heart failure, pleural and ascites. Laboratory examination showed hematuria, proteinuria, tubular urine, elevated level of blood urea nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, and creatinine, decreased creatinine clearance rate, obstructed or low-level straight lines on the renal , and shrunk or enlarged renal image on both kidneys on ultrasound. Renal damage with clear etiology through routine examination is likely to lead to water sodium retention, acidosis, hyperkalemia and other serious electrolyte disorders. If not properly treated, the condition will worsen. This also fully demonstrates that the kidney plays a dominant role in water metabolism, and the organ damage affected by kidney damage is severe, with prominent manifestations being abnormal water metabolism.

Both the etiology of traditional Chinese and Western medicine emphasizes internal factors. Renal damage caused by external factors has different clinical manifestations and pathological mechanisms. Although the explanations are different, they all emphasize that renal damage is the main cause, and urinary incontinence, edema, and other factors are mostly related to the kidneys.